Analysis and Countermeasures of the Influence of COVID-19 on the Commodity Category of Port Export in China: Taking Shanghai Port as an Example

Su, B.;Guan, C.;An, Q., and Wang, Q., 2020. Analysis and countermeasures of the influence of COVID-19 on the commodity category of port export in China: Taking Shanghai Port as an example. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 298–301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has spread rapidly, which has affected the economy, social interaction, and foreign trade, both in China and around the world. Import and export trade has become an organic part of China's national economy. Import and export trade accounts for nearly 35% of the national economy, which is a major part of China's economic growth. This article takes Shanghai Port as an example, collecting and analyzing the exporters of Shanghai Port in China from January to May 2020. Compared with the relevant data of the same period in 2019, this article discusses the major commodity categories that are affected by the epidemic situation in the export trade volume of Shanghai Port, giving countermeasures according to the influence situation in order to stabilize the quantity of this category in the future and reduce the risk of lower port trade volume of the export commodity categories affected by public health emergencies in China's port trade. At the same time, some suggestions and countermeasures are given to the ecological environment problems affecting the sustainable development of ports.

The pre-analytical process management status and influencing factors of laboratory test before prescribing antimicrobial in developing country.

INTRODUCTION: The results of laboratory testing are crucial basis for clinicians to prescribe antimicrobial. Laboratory testing is a highly complex process, and increasing evidence suggests that errors and obstacles in the pre-analytical process (PP) will affect reasonable antimicrobial use. However, PP was an easily neglected link in hospital infection management and the current situation of it and the influencing factors of management are not clear. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the department of clinical, specimen collection, transportation, and inspection in 109 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Central China. The rate of antimicrobial susceptibility test request (AST) and related indexes of above departments were calculated to describe the situation. Management characteristics (frequency of training etc.) were described as proportions and fractional probit regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors. RESULTS: The average rate of non restricted-use antimicrobial was 63%, the restricted-use was 86%, the special-use was 95%. The zero obstacle rate of specimen collection was 27.3%, of specimen transportation was 19.4% and of inspection feedback was 61.7%. There was a difference between the secondary and tertiary hospitals on non restricted-use (X2 = 22.968, P < 0.001); restricted-use (X2 = 29.466, P < 0.001); special-use (X2 = 27.317, P < 0.001). Taking non restricted-use as an example, training (OR = 0.312, 95%CI: 0.148,0.429), low-frequency appraisal (OR = 0.153, 95%CI: 0.082,0.224), guidance (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.237,0.403) and information technology (OR = 0.104, 95%CI: 0.009,0.199) were positive factors. CONCLUSIONS: There were substantial differences in the rate of AST request in clinical department between secondary and tertiary hospitals. The zero obstacle rate in collection, transportation and inspection department were still low. In most departments, training and performance appraisal were positive factors, guidance and information technology were positive supporting factors.

Communication openness and nosocomial infection reporting: the mediating role of team cohesion.

BACKGROUND: The states of IPC (Infection Prevention and Control) is serious under the COVID-19 pandemic. Nosocomial infection reporting is of great significance to transparent management of IPC in regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to explore the relationship between communication openness and nosocomial infection reporting, explore the mediating effect of team cohesion in the two, and provide evidence-based organizational perspective for improving IPC management in the hospitals. METHOD: A questionnaire was used to collect data on communication openness, team cohesion and nosocomial infection reporting in 3512 medical staff from 239 hospitals in Hubei, China. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was conducted to examine the hypothetical model. RESULT: Communication openness was positively related to nosocomial infection reporting (ß = 0.540, p < 0.001), and was positively related to team cohesion (ß = 0.887, p < 0.001). Team cohesion was positively related to nosocomial infection reporting (ß = 0.328, p < 0.001). The partial mediating effect of team cohesion was significant (ß = 0.291, SE = 0.055, 95% CI = [ 0.178,0.392 ]), making up 35.02% of total effect. CONCLUSION: Communication openness was not only positively related to nosocomial infection reporting. Team cohesion can be regarded as a mediator between communication openness and nosocomial infection reporting. It implies that strengthening communication openness and team cohesion is the strategy to promote IPC management from the new organizational perspective.

Clinicians' Intention to Submit Microbiological Pathogenic Test Before Antibiotics Use and Its Influencing Factors: New Evidence from the Perspective of Hospital Management.

Purpose: Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a global public health problem, improving clinicians' intention to submit microbiological pathogenic test (submission intention) can effectively increase the value for rational use antibiotics to curb AR. However, there are few studies on the factors influencing improvement of the submission intention, especially from the perspective of hospital management. This study will fill the gap and provide evidence that can continuously support improvement of antibiotics prescribing rationally. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of clinicians was conducted in all public hospitals in Hubei, China. Dependent variables were submission intention of non-restricted-use, restricted-use and special-use antibiotics which were measured submission, not sure submission, no submission. Independent variables were frequency of training and publicity on submission, and hospital with or without submission performance assessment, guideline, information decision system and laboratory items, including bacterial culture item, fungal culture item and so on. Clinicians' demographics were applied as control variables. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to model independent variables influencing submission intention. Results: For non-restricted-use antibiotics, guideline (OR = 0.263; 95% CI = [0.188, 0.369]) (OR = 0.526; 95% CI = [0.375, 0.738]) and bacterial culture item (OR = 0.141; 95% CI = [0.074, 0.268]) (OR = 0.520; 95% CI = [0.292, 0.927]) are key factors that positively affect clinicians' intention on submission and not sure submission; For restricted-use and special-use antibiotics, training frequency and bacterial culture item (OR = 0.155; 95% CI = [0.076, 0.315]) (OR = 0.092; 95% CI = [0.036, 0.232]) (OR = 0.106; 95% CI = [0.046, 0.248]) (OR = 0.027; 95% CI = [0.006, 0.117]) are key factors that positively affect clinicians' intention on submission and not sure submission. Conclusion: This study found that bacterial culture item, guideline, and training frequency are key factors that affect clinicians' intention on submission and not sure submission, but various factors exist different effects level on different types of antibiotics. Consequently, a focus should be placed on the construction and implementation of management factors, as well as reformation of antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals according to the types of antibiotics.

Analysis and countermeasures of the influence of COVID-19 on the commodity category of port export in China: taking Shanghai Port as an example. (Special Issue: Today's modern coastal society: technical and sociological aspects of coastal research.)

Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has spread rapidly, which has affected the economy, social interaction, and foreign trade, both in China and around the world. Import and export trade has become an organic part of China's national economy. Import and export trade accounts for nearly 35% of the national economy, which is a major part of China's economic growth. This article takes Shanghai Port as an example, collecting and analyzing the exporters of Shanghai Port in China from January to May 2020. Compared with the relevant data of the same period in 2019, this article discusses the major commodity categories that are affected by the epidemic situation in the export trade volume of Shanghai Port, giving countermeasures according to the influence situation in order to stabilize the quantity of this category in the future and reduce the risk of lower port trade volume of the export commodity categories affected by public health emergencies in China's port trade. At the same time, some suggestions and countermeasures are given to the ecological environment problems affecting the sustainable development of ports.